Understanding English Levels with CEFR
The Common European Framework of References for Languages (CEFR) is an international standard for language ability and comprehension. This standard includes 6 distinct English levels: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2. Some institutions also recognize the pre-A1 level, though it is not as common. What do these designations actually mean about your English abilities?
All CEFR language levels were originally created by the Council of Europe in order to standardize language ability. These standards are used to determine language ability for speakers all over the world. Let’s take a closer look at each English level to see what they mean:
A1 – Beginner (Basic)
Average Time to Reach A1 | Topics | Rate of Speech (Words Per Minute) | Pronunciation and Grammar | Vocabulary |
1-3 months | Simple questions and answers, information about oneself, very common and familiar topics | 60 WPM or less | Very basic knowledge with frequent errors | Situation-specific |
The A1 level refers to speakers who have a basic grasp of the English language. If you are at the A1 level, you can understand some common phrases and words in English. You can ask and answer simple questions (i.e. How old are you? Where do you live? What’s your favorite color?).
Your interactions will be relatively basic, and you may need other people to speak slowly with you in order to understand.
This level is common among those who have only been studying English for a short time (less than 6 months) or those who have not studied English for many years and do not practice regularly.
A2 – Beginner (Basic)
Average Time to Reach A2 | Topics | Rate of Speech (Words Per Minute) | Pronunciation and Grammar | Vocabulary |
6-12 months | The same topics as Level A1 plus expanded social interactions like varied greetings, hobbies, future arrangements, etc. | 80 WPM or less | Basic knowledge with frequent errors | Situation-specific |
At the A2 level, you can speak in full sentences and phrases on simple topics. Your vocabulary covers a broader array of subjects than it did at the A1 level, but your interactions are still limited to direct exchanges of information.
You can likely have a full conversation about yourself and various parts of your life. While your listening comprehension has improved, you might still need others to speak slowly or repeat themselves from time to time.
This level is common among adults in their first year of study or those who have not studied English for many years.
B1 – Intermediate (Independent)
Average Time to Reach B1 | Topics | Rate of Speech (Words Per Minute) | Pronunciation and Grammar | Vocabulary |
1-2 years | The same topics as Level A2 plus maintained speech in a wider range of contexts, including personal opinions and other informal discussions | 100 WPM or less | Frequent errors with new or complex words | Adapted to a broad range of circumstances |
Once you reach B1 level English, your English abilities are at the “intermediate” level. This means that you can speak and understand English for matters related to your daily routine. You can also be much more descriptive about your life and experiences. Finally, you can talk (using relatively simple terms) about more abstract or subjective topics, like aspirations, dreams, or opinions.
This level is common among adults who have been continuously studying English for more than one year or those who have the opportunity to practice English on a semi-regular basis.
B2 – Intermediate (Independent)
Average Time to Reach B2 | Topics | Rate of Speech (Words Per Minute) | Pronunciation and Grammar | Vocabulary |
2-4 years | The same topics as Level B1 plus the ability to express more complex viewpoints, arguments, and hypothetical situations | 120 WPM or less | Occasional errors with new or complex words | Extensive knowledge of conversational English plus some basic technical vocabulary related to work or personal hobbies |
The B2 level is often referred to as the “upper intermediate level.” As a B2 English speaker, you can take part in conversations on a variety of concrete and abstract topics. You may not know a lot of technical vocabulary, but you can still convey complex thoughts, explanations, experiences, or concepts with moderate accuracy.
This English proficiency level is common among adults who have been studying English for several years and practice regularly.
C1 – Advanced (Proficient)
Average Time to Reach C1 | Topics | Rate of Speech (Words Per Minute) | Pronunciation and Grammar | Vocabulary |
4-6 years | The same topics as Level B2 plus the ability to speak on completely new topics spontaneously | 140 WPM or less | Infrequent errors with new or complex words | Extensive knowledge of conversational English and technical vocabulary |
Once you have reached the C2 level, you are considered an advanced student of the English language.
You now have a firmer grasp of more complex grammar structures, implicit meaning in both text and speech, as well as the ability to speak English fluently in almost any environment. Though you will naturally make some errors from time to time, they are likely small and infrequent.
In order to reach the C1 level, you will likely need to study English formally for several years and practice speaking or reading English on a regular basis. This level of English proficiency is common among those who have lived in an English-speaking country for an extended period of time.
C2 – Advanced (Proficient)
Average Time to Reach C2 | Topics | Rate of Speech (Words Per Minute) | Pronunciation and Grammar | Vocabulary |
6-8 years | All or nearly all of the same topics as a native English speaker | 160 WPM or less | Very infrequent errors | Extensive knowledge of conversational English and technical vocabulary |
C2 is the highest assessment of all 6 CEFR levels.
At this level, you can understand the vast majority of English, spoken or written, that you encounter. Though you may make rare errors, your proficiency is near or equal to that of a native English speaker. You can understand the finer nuances of tone, pacing, and word choice, even in complex texts or situations.
C2 level speakers have likely been studying English for many years, practicing the language regularly or even on a daily basis with native speakers.
How to Determine your English Proficiency Level
Great! Now you know the 6 different English proficiency levels. But how can you determine your own English level? While the summaries above may give you a rough idea of where you are on a scale from A1 to C2, you’ll want to test your abilities in order to know for sure. You can easily check your English level with our free English speaking test.
Additionally, there are a number of free online resources and English proficiency tests to help you assess your English abilities:
- Cambridge English language proficiency test online
- Online English level test from British Council
- EFSET English proficiency test online
We recommend using more than one source to test yourself, as no single test will give you a perfect assessment. Learning how many words you know is yet another fun way to find out your English level.
IETLS, TOEFL, and CEFR
You can also gauge your English level by evaluating your scores on the IETLS or TOEFL. Here’s a helpful chart to see what your scores mean for your English level:
That being said, these tests are designed to give you a general idea of where you stand on the CEFR English scale. Once you know your English level, you will be in a better position to develop a study plan that is right for you!
Few products in the market give you real human assessment of your speaking skills. Even when you take an expensive in-person test, say IELTS for example, and get your grades/level back, you still don’t know how to improve from where you are now. Today, we are bringing you two bonuses.
Bonus 1
- SpeakUp’s lead teacher will talk about specific areas/concepts students from different levels need to focus on, in order to level up
Bonus 2
- We are bringing you a free, personalized, human-graded diagnostic test, so you can not only know what your level is but also how to take it from here
FAQs
How do I know my English proficiency level? ›
The most reliable way to find out your English level is to take a well-designed assessment test. There are many tests to choose from, but taking the EF SET is a good place to start. You can use your EF SET score as an English level certification on your CV and on LinkedIn.
What is A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2? ›What is the difference between A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2 in terms of language levels? The three broad levels are A1/A2 ("Basic User"), B1/B2 ("Independent User"), and C1/C2 ("Proficient User"). Let's take a look at what you should be able to communicate at the various levels set out by CERF.
What are the 12 levels of English? ›Level | |
---|---|
9 | Higher Intermediate |
10 | Lower Advanced |
11 | Middle Advanced |
12 | Upper Advanced |
- A0/A1 English (Beginner/Elementary) ...
- A2 English (Pre Intermediate) ...
- B1 English (Intermediate) ...
- B2 English (Upper Intermediate) ...
- C1 English (Advanced) ...
- C2 English (Proficient)
Beginner | Proficient | |
---|---|---|
IELTS | 2.0 | 8.0-9.0 |
TOEIC Listening & Reading | 60-105 | |
EF SET | 0-30 | 71-100 |
TOEFL iBT |
- A guide to English language levels.
- Beginner: CEFR Level A1.
- Pre-Intermediate: CEFR Level A2.
- Intermediate: CEFR Level B1.
- Upper-Intermediate: CEFR Level B2.
- Advanced: CEFR Level C1.
- Mastery: CEFR Level C2.
- 1 (Entering)
- 2 (Beginning) ...
- 3 (Developing)
- 4 (Expanding) ...
- 5 (Bridging) ...
- 6 (Reaching) •specialized or technical language reflective of the content areas at grade level. ...
- Fluent in [language] and [language]
- Proficient in [language] reading and writing.
- Conversant in [language}
- [number] years of high school and college [language] education.
- Certificate in conversational [language]
Level B1 corresponds to independent users of the language, i.e. those who have the necessary fluency to communicate without effort with native speakers.
Is C1 level fluent? ›Level C1 corresponds to users who can express themselves fluently and spontaneously. They can use language flexibly and effectively for all purposes.
Is B2 fluent? ›
Reaching B2 is generally considered by most people as having basic fluency. You'll have a working vocabulary of around 4000 words. It's not always effortless and it's not always perfect, but neither you nor your native speaking partners are having a really hard time in most circumstances at this point.
What are the 8 levels of English? ›Level | Class Level | CEFR Level* |
---|---|---|
8 | Advanced | C2 |
7 | Pre-advanced | C1 |
6 | Upper Intermediate | B2 |
5 | Intermediate | B1 |
This standard includes 6 distinct English levels: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2. Some institutions also recognize the pre-A1 level, though it is not as common.
How many levels does English have? ›There are 6 English levels determined by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). These levels are expressed as A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2. The CEFR English levels are widely accepted as the global standard for grading an individual's language proficiency.
What are the 3 levels of proficiency? ›The CA ELD Standards define three proficiency levels—Emerging, Expanding, and Bridging*—to describe the stages of English language development through which ELs are expected to progress as they improve their abilities in listening, speaking, reading, and writing English.
What are the different levels of fluency? ›- 0 - No proficiency. This means that knowledge of the language is nonexistent or limited to a few words.
- 1 - Elementary proficiency. ...
- 2 - Limited working proficiency. ...
- 3 - Professional working proficiency. ...
- 4 - Full professional proficiency. ...
- 5 - Primary fluency / bilingual proficiency.
The EnglishScore ranges from 0-599 and assesses your grammar, vocabulary, reading and listening skills.
What is the highest level of English proficiency? ›A C2 Proficiency qualification shows the world that you have mastered English to an exceptional level. It proves you can communicate with the fluency and sophistication of a highly competent English speaker.
What are the 7 types of English? ›The variety of English with the largest number of native speakers is American English, with 225 million native speakers. The other major varieties of English are Canadian English, Australian English, New Zealand English, South African English and Indian English.
What is low level of English proficiency? ›Limited English proficiency (LEP) is a term used in the United States that refers to a person who is not fluent in the English language, often because it is not their native language.
What are the 4 levels of English language proficiency? ›
There are four domains to language proficiency: reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Language proficiency is measured for an individual by each language, such that the individual may be proficient in English and not proficient in another language.”
How do you describe proficiency level? ›Using a consistent and clear metric, rate your level of expertise for each hard skill and language on your resume. It's important to show your proficiency so that others will immediately understand, and using words like beginner, intermediate, proficient, and expert are commonly used for this purpose.
How long does it take to go from B1 to B2? ›To get from A1 to A2, it typically requires 100-150 hours of guided learning, but it can take 180-260 hours to get from B1 to B2.
How long does it take to go from B1 to C1 English? ›Level of English (CEFR) | Number of hours of instruction |
---|---|
A2 to B1 | 300 hours |
B1 to B2 | 200 hours |
B2 to C1 | 200 hours |
C1 to C2 | 200 hours |
A well-educated native English speaker is technically at a C2 level. Relatively few English learners reach this level because their professional or academic goals do not require it.
Is C1 native level? ›The highest level on the CEFR scale is C1, which is close to the level of English proficiency of native speakers.
Can you reach C1 with duolingo? ›At Duolingo, we use the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) to set goals for different proficiency levels when we design our courses. The levels are labeled A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2, and they cover increasingly complex language needs.
Which level is better C1 or C2? ›C1 Advanced is targeted at the C1 level of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), while C2 is targeted at the C2 CEFR level. C2 Proficiency is therefore the more difficult of the two exams.
Can you get C1 from B2? ›B2 First – Level C1
If you achieve a scale score of 180–190 (grade A) in your exam, you will receive the First Certificate in English stating that you demonstrated ability at Level C1.
B2 also takes around 3 months if you spend around 8 hours a week. P.S.: There are some people who are good at learning languages and remembering stuff who finished it all in 3-4 months. It all depends on how easy this comes to you and how much time you're spending on it.
Is B2 English Excellent? ›
Level B2 corresponds to a more advanced, more independent level than previous levels. A B2 user can communicate easily and spontaneously in a clear and detailed manner. This is not yet an experienced speaker, but a B2 user is able to understand and be understood in most situations.
What is basic level of English? ›A1 English level
Level A1 corresponds to basic users of the language, i.e. those able to communicate in everyday situations with commonly-used expressions and elementary vocabulary.
If a person is at A1, this is elementary level. He/she can do the following: Understand and use very frequently-used everyday expressions as well as simple phrases to meet immediate needs.
What level of English do I need for university in USA? ›If you want to study at a university in the United States, you must obtain a visa, which will depend, in part, on being able to communicate in the language with a minimum level of English of B2 .
What are the grade levels of ESL? ›Current ESL Proficiency Levels | Levels Description |
---|---|
Level 1- Starting | Students initially have little to no understanding of English. |
Level 2- Emerging | Students can understand phrases and short sentences. |
Level 3- Developing | Students understand more complex speech but still require repetition. |
They can understand the main points of clear texts on familiar topics in standard language. They can manage most situations on a trip to places where English is used. They can produce simple, organised texts about familiar topics.
How many English proficiency levels are there? ›The CEFR divides language ability into six levels (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2). It also gives an internationally-recognised description of each level.
How many levels of English proficiency are there? ›There are 6 English levels determined by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). These levels are expressed as A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2. The CEFR English levels are widely accepted as the global standard for grading an individual's language proficiency.
What are the 4 levels of Ell? ›- Inclusion of Five Levels of Language Proficiency.
- Level 1-Starting.
- Level 2-Emerging.
- Level 3-Developing.
- Level 4-Expanding.
The Level 4 (operational) proficiency is considered as a minimum 'stepping stone' to higher levels. The main benefit of high international standards of aviation English is that communications between aircraft crew and controllers are fully understood, particularly when non-standard words and phrases are used.
What level of proficiency is fluent? ›
5 - Primary fluency / bilingual proficiency. Level five means you are entirely fluent in a language. You were raised speaking the language or have spoken it long enough to become proficient in it. Your accent is either nonexistent or barely recognizable.
What is the highest level of proficiency in English? ›A C2 Proficiency qualification shows the world that you have mastered English to an exceptional level. It proves you can communicate with the fluency and sophistication of a highly competent English speaker.
What is Level 1 English proficiency? ›Level 1. Ability to use and understand single words and/or chunks in oral discourse. Ability to use and understand simple, memorized written English with visual support. Ability to use most common vocabulary.
What is difference between ELL and ESL? ›English language learner (ELL) refers to a student who is age 5 or older and who is learning English as a second language. English as a second language (ESL) is an approach in which students who are not native English speakers are mainly taught in English. It focuses on language skills rather than content.
What are the stages of fluency? ›Students learning a second language move through five predictable stages: Preproduction, Early Production, Speech Emergence, Intermediate Fluency, and Advanced Fluency (Krashen & Terrell, 1983).
What is a Level 2 English language learner? ›Level 2. Ability to use and understand phrases and short sentences in oral discourse. Ability to use and understand simple written English with instructional support, but errors often impede meaning. Ability to use high frequency vocabulary.
What does English level 3 mean? ›Low expressive and receptive vocabulary. Level 3 - Developing. Able to communicate more effectively in English. Oral and written communication may still contain some errors that impact meaning. Able to follow more complex verbal directions.